The concept of thinking machines remains entirely a psychological construct. Artificial intelligence applications cannot fundamentally shape human existence; they cannot...

[Revised entry by Carl Huffman on March 1, 2025. Changes to: Main text, Bibliography] Archytas of Tarentum was a Greek...

[Revised entry by Yaroslav Shramko and Heinrich Wansing on March 1, 2025. Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, slingshot-argument.html, suszko-thesis.html] Truth...

[Revised entry by Stewart Duncan on March 1, 2025. Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html] Thomas Hobbes (1588 – 1679),...

[Revised entry by Shalom Sadik on February 28, 2025. Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html] Abner of Burgos (Alfonso de...

[Revised entry by David Schmidtz and Peter Boettke on February 28, 2025. Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html] Friedrich Hayek...

Ryan Johnson is Associate Professor and Chair of the Philosophy Department at Elon University. Ryan’s books include Deleuze, A Stoic, Phenomenology of...

Summary: The AI system AlphaGo discovered strategies in the game of Go that human beings didn’t even know that they...