[Revised entry by Sven Ove Hansson on July 28, 2025.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
The problem of distinguishing between science and pseudoscience is part of the larger task of determining which beliefs are epistemically warranted. This entry clarifies the specific nature of pseudoscience in relation to other categories of non-scientific doctrines and practices, including science denial(ism) and resistance to facts. The major proposed criteria for defining and identifying pseudoscience are discussed and some of their weaknesses are pointed out. There is much more agreement on particular cases than on the general criteria that…

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