[Revised entry by Daniel Moseley and Eric Juengst on November 13, 2025.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
At first glance there does not seem to be anything philosophically problematic about human enhancement. Activities such as physical fitness routines, wearing eyeglasses, taking music lessons and meditation are routinely utilized for the goal of enhancing human capacities. But there are a cluster of debates in practical ethics, conventionally labeled as “the ethics of human enhancement”, that do raise philosophical questions. These debates include clinicians’ concerns about the limits of…

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