[Revised entry by Roberto Casati and Achille Varzi on May 12, 2025.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Holes are an interesting case study for ontologists and epistemologists. On the one hand, naive descriptions of the world treat holes as objects of reference and quantification, on a par with ordinary material objects (‘This hole has no lid’; ‘That cheese has seven holes’). Moreover, we often appeal to holes to account for causal interactions (‘The hole in the roof caused a leak’), or to explain the occurrence of certain events (‘The water spilled because the bucket has a…
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