[Revised entry by Josep Puig Montada on October 26, 2026.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html]
Philosophy in Al-Andalus developed later than in the East; it grew among Muslims and Jews, since both communities were nurtured by a common Arabic. The Muslim community was much larger and it defined the cultural space, a significant part of which was made by Arabic translations of Greek scientifical and philosophical works. The earliest Arab philosopher al-Kindi (d. c. 853) was possibly known…