[Revised entry by Donald Viney on August 28, 2026.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Process theism typically refers to a family of theological ideas originating in, inspired by, or in agreement with the metaphysical orientation of the English philosopher-mathematician Alfred North Whitehead (1861 – 1947) and the American philosopher-ornithologist Charles Hartshorne (1897 – 2000). For both Whitehead and Hartshorne, it is an essential attribute of God to be fully involved in and affected by temporal processes. This idea contrasts neatly with traditional forms of theism that hold God to be or at least conceived…

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